PREVALENCE AND SPECTRUM OF INTRAUTERINE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES DIAGNOSED BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY ACROSS ALL TRIMESTERS AT A TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA HOSPITAL: A 2024-2025 CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Keywords:
Congenital anomalies, tertiary referral center, prevalence, antenatal ultrasonographyAbstract
Introduction: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prenatal ultrasonography enables early detection of fetal structural abnormalities, supporting appropriate management planning and obstetric counseling. However, data on the prevalence and spectrum of intrauterine congenital anomalies in West Nusa Tenggara remain limited.
Objective : To determine the prevalence and spectrum of intrauterine congenital anomalies detected by ultrasonography and to describe associated maternal and obstetric characteristics at a tertiary referral center in West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital during 2024–2025.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the fetomaternal clinic from 2024 to 2025. A total of 717 pregnancies undergoing obstetric ultrasonography were included using consecutive sampling. Prevalence was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and related variables were analyzed descriptively.
Results: Seventy-eight cases of congenital anomalies were identified, yielding a prevalence of 10.9%. Most cases occurred in women aged 26–30 years and multigravida . The majority were detected in the second trimester (53.85%). Central nervous system anomalies were most common, followed by cardiovascular anomalies. Most cases involved a single organ system , and delivery was predominantly by cesarean section.
Conclusions: The prevalence in this tertiary referral center is higher than regional estimates, likely reflecting referral bias. Central nervous system and cardiovascular anomalies were the most common. Strengthening early prenatal screening and developing population-based registries are essential.
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